Temporal trends refer to patterns or changes in data over time. This research area involves studying how certain variables or phenomena evolve or fluctuate over a specific period, whether it be hours, days, weeks, months, or years. This can include analyzing cyclic patterns, identifying long-term trends, detecting seasonality, or examining short-term fluctuations in data. Researchers in this field often use statistical methods, time series analysis, and data visualization techniques to uncover and interpret temporal trends in various fields such as economics, epidemiology, climate science, and social sciences. Understanding temporal trends can help researchers make predictions, inform decision-making, and gain insights into underlying processes shaping the data.